soil

Site sampling plan used for characterizing active layer soils (left). Axes are in meters. At Imnavait Creek, active layer thickness (ALT) was measured on transects intersecting a central soil pit. Soil dielectric properties, in situ moisture and temperature profiles were measured, and soil samples were collected for analyses from the soil pit (right).

Sixteen measurement sites located across interior Alaska, USA, and at one site in Yukon, Canada. Sites C17K, C26K, E23, F17, H31, and I17 are collocated with the seismic stations.

A global map of predicted annual soil respiration (Rs) at 1 km spatial resolution created by applying the QRF model to gridded covariates. Right is a plot of the latitudinal mean predicted annual Rs.

Upward-facing photo of the canopy at Harvard Forest (transect 2, plot 57) on 2012-10-18.

Estuaries classes used in the study: former river valley primary estuary, former glacier valley primary estuary, river delta primary estuary, tectonic structural primary estuary, coastal lagoon secondary estuary, and unclassified estuary.

USArray measurement sites in Alaska. Sites are labeled with site ID and maximum measurement depth and color-coded by mean annual ground temperature (MAGT in degrees C) of the deepest sensor measurements. Data are omitted for sites disrupted by bears.

Active layer thickness with uncertainty for a flight swath over the northern section of Alaska's Dalton Highway in summer 2015.

Soil nitrous oxide emissions on a monthly average basis for July 2011 estimated with the mechanistic scheme.

Country-specific (a) and regional (b) predictions of SOC across Latin America based on a linear ensemble of methods.

Estimated soil carbon stocks (using model results) throughout the Mississippi River delta in Louisiana. Cooler colors (blues and greens) indicate higher soil carbon concentrations.