Spatial estimates of total carbon combustion at 30 m resolution across the 2015 fire perimeters in Saskatchewan (a) and sampled fires (b, c, d). The spatial extents of sampled fires are shown as blue rectangles in (a).

SAR-based lake ebullition maps. Panel a shows Alaska study regions with SAR footprints outlined in yellow. Subsequent panels show SAR-based CH4 ebullition maps for b) Barrow Peninsula, c) Atqasuk, d) Toolik, e) northern Seward Peninsula, and f) Fairbanks. Study lakes with field-based measurements are outlined (b,c) or boxed (d,e,f) in white. Orange boxes in panel f indicate anthropogenic study lakes.

Site sampling plan used for characterizing active layer soils (left). Axes are in meters. At Imnavait Creek, active layer thickness (ALT) was measured on transects intersecting a central soil pit. Soil dielectric properties, in situ moisture and temperature profiles were measured, and soil samples were collected for analyses from the soil pit (right).

Downscaled MERRA-2 snow depth (in meters) data. Images show snow depth for two time periods: spring snow melt for 23-30 April, 2007 (left) and during early snow accumulation for 30 September-7 October, 2007 (right).

The custom-built chamber for measuring in situ trace gas fluxes from soil/vegetation and water surfaces. The chamber (~ 0.5 m3) provides adequate height to enclose emergent grasses and reeds.